Fri Sep 09 2022

89 articles - From Friday Sep 02 2022 to Friday Sep 09 2022

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Guidelines

Guidelines, position statements, white papers, technical reviews, consensus statements, etc…

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol

AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Evaluation and Management of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Cirrhosis: Expert Review.

These Best Practice Advice (BPA) statements were drawn from a review of the published literature and from expert opinion. Since systematic reviews were not performed, these BPA statements do not carry formal ratings of the quality of evidence or strength of the presented considerations.

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Meta-analysis

meta-analyses and systematic reviews

Endoscopy

Learning Curve for Esophageal Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Our analysis shows that new adopters of POEM with previous advanced endoscopy experience will require about 25 procedures to attain proficiency. The average time for each procedure once proficiency is attained is about 85 minutes.

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Original articles

RCT, clinical trials, retrospective studies, etc…

Am J Gastroenterol

Effects of bowel training and defecation posture on chronic constipation in older adults with dementia: A randomized controlled trial.

Defecation care, including bowel training and appropriate defecation posture, is effective for CC among older adults with dementia, improving patient mental health, and reducing the burden on caregivers.

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Long-term Outcomes of Early Versus Delayed Responders to Vedolizumab and Adalimumab: A Post-hoc Analysis of VARSITY.

UC patients who achieve early PMS remission with vedolizumab have greater odds of week 52 remission compared to delayed responders.

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Longitudinal Assessment of Bile Duct Loss in Primary Biliary Cholangitis.

Bile duct injury does not appear to follow the same course as fibrosis in PBC.

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Provider beliefs, practices, and perceived barriers to dietary elimination therapy in eosinophilic esophagitis.

With less access to dietitians (56%), non-academic providers often manage diets without dietitian guidance (41%). CONCLUSIONS: Given high patient acceptance for diets and multiple treatment options for EoE, clinicians need evidence-based knowledge on EoE diets, access to dietitians, and awareness of patient preferences.

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Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol

A Prospective Cohort Study Evaluating PAN-PROMISE, a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure To Detect Post-ERCP Morbidity.

Future studies are needed to characterize better the reasons behind this increase in symptoms and potential interventions to reduce the symptom burden post-ERCP. gov number, NCT05310409.

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Complete endoscopic healing is associated with a lower relapse risk after anti-TNF withdrawal in inflammatory bowel disease.

The relapse risk was high after anti-TNF withdrawal in IBD patients with endoscopic healing, but remission was regained in most cases after anti-TNF reintroduction. Complete endoscopic healing, and mesalamine treatment in UC/IBDU patients, decreased the risk of relapse.

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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A NATIONAL US ACHALASIA COHORT: THE VETERANS AFFAIRS ACHALASIA COHORT (VA-AC).

Using a rigorous validation approach, we established a national cohort of 2,100 individuals with achalasia within the VHA, one of the largest established to date. This cohort can be utilized to study risk factors for achalasia and outcomes over time.

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease is associated with an Increased Risk of Incident Acute Arterial Events: Analysis of the United Kingdom Biobank.

In a prospective cohort, there was an increased risk of incident AAEs and premature AAEs in IBD participants. Beyond traditional AAE risk factors, quantifiable indices of IBD disease activity and severity were independent predictors of AAEs.

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Interval Advanced Gastric Cancer After Negative Endoscopy.

A shorter observation time during index EGD is an important predictor of interval AGC. Further, withdrawal time longer than 3 minutes may be a quality indicator for screening EGD.

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Measuring Medication Use, Obstacles and Knowledge in Individuals with Cirrhosis.

In a large, diverse cohort, we validated the My Cirrhosis Coach which can serve to standardize medication use and knowledge measurement in clinical practice and education-based studies in cirrhosis.

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Endoscopy

The course of pain and dysphagia after radiofrequency ablation for Barrett's esophagus-related neoplasia.

RFA treatment for BE-related neoplasia seems a significant burden for patients, and post-procedural symptoms should be taken into account when counseling patients before starting endoscopic eradication therapy.

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Gastroenterology

Context-dependent roles of Hes1 in the adult pancreas and pancreatic tumor formation.

The results indicated that HES1 is not required for maintaining the adult pancreas under normal conditions, but is important for regeneration during recovery from pancreatitis; moreover, Hes1 plays different roles depending on the tumor condition. Our findings highlight the context-dependent roles of HES1 in the adult pancreas and pancreatic cancer.

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Gastrointest Endosc

Comparative Accuracy of Endosonographic shear wave elastography and Transcutaneous Liver Stiffness Measurement: A pilot study.

EUS-SWE correlates well with liver histology, and is a safe and reliable diagnostic test for assessing liver fibrosis with accuracy comparable to VCTE.

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Endocytoscopy for assessing histologic inflammation in ulcerative colitis: development and prospective validation of the ELECT score (ErLangen Endocytoscopy in ColiTis).

Endocytoscopic grading of inflammatory activity along a newly developed scoring systems enables real-time histology in UC patients and better predicts clinical outcome in UC patients than endoscopic remission.

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Hepatology

A shared mucosal gut microbiota signature in primary sclerosing cholangitis before and after liver transplantation.

Consistent mucosal microbiota features associated with PSC, PSC-IBD and disease severity, irrespective of LT status, highlights the utility of investigating PSC and rPSC in parallel, and suggests that the impact of gut microbiota on post-transplant liver health should be investigated further.

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Characterization of Morreton Virus (MORV) as a Novel Oncolytic Virotherapy Platform for Liver Cancers.

Our findings indicate that wild-type MORV is safe and can induce potent tumor regression via immune-mediated and immune-independent mechanisms in HCC and CCA animal models, without dose limiting adverse events. These data warrant further development and clinical translation of MORV as a novel oncolytic virotherapy platform.

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Identification of novel neutralizing determinants for protection against hepatitis C virus.

We show how N-linked glycosylation motifs can trigger dramatic changes in HCV sensitivity to nAb independent of glycan occupancy. These findings aid understanding of HCV nAb evasion and rational vaccine design, as they can be exploited to stabilize the structurally flexible envelope proteins in an open conformation exposing important neutralization epitopes. Finally, this work resulted in a panel of highly fit cell culture infectious HCV recombinants.

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Interleukin-18 signaling promotes activation of hepatic stellate cells in murine liver fibrosis.

Our study highlights the role of IL-18 in the development of liver fibrosis by its direct effect on HSC activation identifying IL-18 as a novel target to treat liver fibrosis.

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Loss of hepatic SMLR1 causes hepatosteatosis and protects against atherosclerosis due to decreased hepatic VLDL secretion.

In conclusion, we propose a role for SMLR1 in the trafficking of VLDL from the ER to the Cis-Golgi complex. While this study uncovers SMLR1 as a new player in the VLDL assembly, trafficking, and secretion pathway, it also shows that NASH can occur with undisturbed glucose homeostasis and atheroprotection.

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Mortality in End Stage Liver Patients Above MELD 3.0 of 40.

MELD 3.0 scores beyond 40 are associated with increasing waitlist mortality without adversely affecting post-transplant outcome. Uncapping the MELD score in waitlist candidates may lead to greater survival benefit from LT.

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Serum Biomarkers Correlated with Liver Stiffness Assessed in a Multi-center Study of Pediatric Cholestatic Liver Disease.

Endoglin, IL-8, and MMP-7 significantly correlate with increased LSM in children with BA, while CTGF inversely correlates with LSM in A1AT; these biomarkers appear to enhance prediction of LSM beyond clinical tests. Future disease-specific investigations of change in these biomarkers over time and as predictors of clinical outcomes will be important.

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Single-cell Transcriptomics Uncovers Cellular Architecture and Developmental Trajectories in Hepatoblastoma.

Our findings illustrate the cellular architecture and developmental trajectories of HB via integrative bulk and single-cell transcriptome analyses, thus establishing a resourceful framework for the development of targeted diagnostics and therapeutics in the future.

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J Hepatol

IL6/STAT3 axis dictates the PNPLA3-mediated susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Our study thus reveals a potential causal link between elevated IL6/STAT3 activity and 148M-mediated susceptibility to NAFLD.

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Incidence and factors predictive of recurrent thrombosis in patients with non-cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis.

No clinical or biochemical parameters predicted overall-RT. However, in the 48 patients with additional comprehensive thrombophilic study, factor VIII = 150% was the only independent factor predicting overall-RT (HR 7.10 (CI 2.17 - 23.17) p 150%.

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Neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to liver damage and increase defective low-density neutrophils in alcoholic hepatitis.

Neutrophils contribute to liver damage through increased NET formation which increases defective LDNs in AH. Alcohol induces neutrophil phenotype changes; HDNs are activated whereas LDNs are defective. Our findings provide mechanistic insights for therapeutic interventions in AH.

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Non-invasive tests for clinically significant portal hypertension after HCV cure.

The results of our pooled analysis refute previous concerns that these tests are less accurate after the cure of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We have developed diagnostic criteria that facilitate the personalized management after HCV-cure and allow for a de-escalation of care in a high proportion of patients, thereby decreasing disease burden.

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Viral clade is associated with severity of symptomatic genotype 3 Hepatitis E virus infections in Belgium, 2010-2018.

The protocol was submitted to clinicaltrials. gov (NCT04670419).

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Neurogastroenterol Motil

The effects of loperamide on excitatory and inhibitory neuromuscular function in the human colon.

Loperamide had no effect on excitatory neuromuscular function in human colonic circular muscle. These findings suggest that loperamide alters colonic function by acting primarily on inhibitory motor neurons, premotor enteric neurons, or via alternative non-opioid receptor pathways.

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Reviews&Editorials

Plenty of the editorials are available as full text through the publisher website using the provided link

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

Editorial: cooking up something new for diet therapy of eosinophilic oesophagitis.

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Editorial: rising rates of venous thromboembolism among hospitalised patients with inflammatory bowel disease in the USA.

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Editorial: trends in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in Korea.

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Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol

Carvedilol as best beta-blocker for secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding: Are we there, or not yet?

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Towards improving diagnosis of dyssynergic defecation: a small step or a new paradigm?

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Gastroenterology

Are we ready to embrace ESD as the organ-sparing, minimal invasive endoscopic surgical procedure-of-choice for large colorectal adenomas and early cancers?

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Delivering A Double Whammy: Targeting Stroma to Improve Immunotherapy Outcomes in PDAC.

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Fatigue in IBD: a Common Complaint with Few Answers.

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The PICMI: A step forward for transmural pediatric Crohn's disease monitoring and healing.

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Hepatology

Geographical similarity and differences in the burden and genetic predisposition of NAFLD.

We also describe some special populations including patients with type 2 diabetes, lean patients, pediatric population, and patients with concomitant liver diseases. We discuss extrahepatic outcomes, patient-reported outcomes, and economic burden related to NAFLD.

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J Hepatol

Alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome: Clinical and epidemiological impact on liver disease.

This accumulating evidence showing independent, combined, and modifying effects of alcohol and metabolic factors on the onset and progression of chronic liver disease highlights the multifactorial background of liver disease in the population. The evidence suggests that more holistic approaches could be useful for risk prediction and for diagnostics and treatment planning.

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Mechanotransduction in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

The downstream consequences of disrupted mechanical homeostasis likely contribute to the progression of NAFLD and promote the development of portal hypertension, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Identification of molecular targets involved in pathogenic mechanotransduction will allow for the development of novel strategies to prevent the progression of liver disease in NAFLD.

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Miscellaneous

misc publications eg case reports, tools of the trade, images of the month, etc…

Am J Gastroenterol

Calendar of Courses, Symposiums and Conferences.

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Juvenile polyposis of the stomach.

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Tangible Resources for Multidisciplinary Treatment of Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

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Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol

Clinical Utility of Combined MRI-PDFF and ALT Response in Predicting Histologic Response in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

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Endoscopic and Histologic Assessment of Monkey Pox-associated Proctitis.

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Maternal exposure to anti-TNF or thiopurines for IBD does not increase risk of early-life malignancy in children.

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Endoscopy

A case of early esophageal cancer with pharyngeal stenosis treated by endoscopic submucosal multi-tunnel dissection using an ultra-thin endoscope.

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Complete resection of residual rectal dysplasia in a patient with ulcerative colitis using the pocket-creation method.

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Efficacy of an easy loop-forming guidewire in endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage with gallstones impacted in the cystic duct.

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Endoscopic closure of the ulcer bed after endoscopic resection using the "mucosal adaptive ring to close an endoscopic artificial ulcer" (MARCEAU) procedure.

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Endoscopic closure, involving the muscle layer, of a duodenal post-resection mucosal defect using double-layer suturing assisted by reopenable clips.

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Endoscopic extraction of a gastric foreign body by means of an esophageal self-expanding metal stent.

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Endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

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On the trail of a ticking bomb: an unusual case of gastrointestinal bleeding in a young adult.

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The "straighten pigtail" technique for selective replacement of a pigtail plastic stent.

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Traction method using slim biopsy forceps for prevention of stent migration during multiple biliary stent placement.

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Hepatology

Retracted: Antitumor effects of OSU-2S, a nonimmunosuppressive analogue of FTY720, in hepatocellular carcinoma.

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J Hepatol

From the Editor's Desk...

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In Memoriam Vinay Sundaram (1978-2022).

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Pathogenesis of primary liver carcinomas.

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Letters&Replies

Letters to the editors and authors’ replies

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

Editorial: rising rates of venous thromboembolism among hospitalised patients with inflammatory bowel disease in the USA-authors' reply.

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Editorial: trends in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in Korea - author's reply.

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Letter: efficacy of peppermint oil in irritable bowel syndrome-authors' reply.

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Letter: efficacy of peppermint oil in irritable bowel syndrome.

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Letter: serum HBV RNA and HBcrAg may help to evaluate safely stopping nucleot(s)ide analogues in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B and without cirrhosis.

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Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol

O'Sullivan et al. respond to "risk factors for early-onset colorectal cancer: further confirmation is needed".

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Gastroenterology

Clustering of Esophageal Cancer: Differences by Histology.

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REPLY FROM THE AUTHORS.

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Reply to Letter to the Editor: Active eradication of Helicobacter pylori within organized massive screening might improve survival of gastric cancer patients (GASTRO-D-22-00967R1).

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Response to Gastroenterology letter to the editor by Younes et al, Histologic evaluation of eosinophilic esophagitis as part of the recently proposed clinical severity index.

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Hepatology

COVID-19 related mortality in Cirrhosis is not associated with Proton Pump Inhibitor Exposure.

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Letter to the editor: Adipose lipolysis is important for ethanol to induce fatty liver in the NIAAA murine model of chronic and binge ethanol feeding.

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Letter to the editor: Could COVID-19 vaccination reduce postinfection mortality in most patients with cirrhosis?

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Letter to the editor: Fatty liver and mortality in populations who are elderly.

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Letter to the editor: Focus on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, even if patients have a history of excessive alcohol consumption.

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Letter to the editor: HCC EV ECG score: An extracellular vesicle-based protein assay for detection of early-stage HCC.

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Letter to the Editor: In Utero Exposure to Mercury Is Associated with Increased Susceptibility to Liver Injury and Inflammation in Childhood.

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Letter to the editor: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and excessive alcohol consumption are both independent risk factors for mortality - authors' response.

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Letter to the editor: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and excessive alcohol consumption are both independent risk factors for mortality.

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Letter to the editor: Screening for fatty liver disease and fibrosis in the elderly population: A call for action.

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Letter to the editor: Targeted decrease of portal hepatic pressure gradient improves ascites control after TIPS.

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Postvaccination COVID-19 related mortality in patients with cirrhosis:who is the culprit?

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J Hepatol

MAFLD 2022: An ELPA/ALPA/EASO-ECPO joint statement on disease stigma.

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Portal hypertension is a key determinant of the risk for liver-related events in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

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Reply to: 'A risk prediction model for hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance: considerations'.

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Reply to: External validation of a genetic risk score that predicts development of alcohol-related cirrhosis.

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The origin of severe hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children: SARS-CoV-2 or adenovirus?

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